One of the most intriguing elements of Sir Jim Ratcliffe’s imminent acquisition of 25% of Manchester United is the key role Sir David Brailsford is set to play at Old Trafford.
The Ineos director of sport is best known to a wider audience for having led the revival of British cycling.
But having overseen the petro-chemical company’s sports portfolio since 2021, Brailsford is now set to sit on a powerful three-person committee running the football operations of one of the world’s biggest clubs.
It is the latest remarkable twist in a career that has featured much success, but also considerable controversy.
So how did Brailsford, 59, come to be in this position? Can he overhaul the way United is run? Will it work? And is it a risk?
The ‘marginal gains’ man
According to one of the most highly respected figures in English football, Newcastle United’s sporting director Dan Ashworth, Brailsford has what it takes to succeed in the sport.
“I’ve known Sir Dave for a number of years, working across various different sports and he is without doubt the best in world sport at creating high-performance culture and turning that into winning,” Ashworth said, after inviting him to speak to his Newcastle squad last season.
So where did Brailsford’s journey begin?
The Derbyshire-born coach started building his reputation as a high-performance specialist at British Cycling 20 years ago, credited with helping to transform it into a team of serial winners thanks to the concept of ‘marginal gains’.
“If you broke down everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, and then improved it by 1%, you will get a significant increase when you put them all together,” Brailsford told the BBC in 2012.
“There’s fitness and conditioning, of course, but there are other things that might seem on the periphery, like sleeping in the right position, having the same pillow when you are away. They’re tiny things but together it makes a big difference.”
Not everyone believed in the theory.
In fact, Sir Bradley Wiggins has since described ‘marginal gains’ as “a load of rubbish”.
But for many years it seemed to work spectacularly. Team GB cyclists won eight cycling golds at the London Olympics, matching the eight they had won four years earlier in Beijing.
Three cyclists won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year gong in five years, and Brailsford was seen as a genius, helping to turn Britain into a cycling nation.
In 2013, Brailsford left British Cycling to concentrate full-time on his leadership role at Team Sky, the British professional cycling team he had helped to found.
They became dominant, winning a staggering six of seven Tour de France titles between 2012 and 2018, with wins for team riders Chris Froome (four), Wiggins, and Geraint Thomas continuing the success Brailsford had enjoyed at the national governing body.
Since Ratcliffe took over Team Sky in 2019, such success has proved elusive, the Ineos Grenadiers failing to win a single Grand Tour since the Giro d’Italia in 2021.
That was the year Brailsford was asked to take on an elevated role overseeing the operations of the various sports teams Ineos either owned or sponsored.
In addition to acquiring one-third of Formula 1 team Mercedes, Ineos also owns French Ligue 1 football club Nice and Swiss team FC Lausanne, as well as the Ineos Britannia sailing team headed by Ben Ainslie. There is also a performance partnership with the New Zealand rugby team.
This summer, in a rare appearance during the Tour de France, Brailsford hinted at a new version of ‘marginal gains’, one which borrowed approaches from the various sports under the Ineos umbrella to improve performances.
“Take nutrition,” he told ITV Sport. “You can take the best learnings from that, and shift it across into football or into the sailing team…
“It could be the data and analytics or strategic planning of the F1 team and bring it here [to cycling]. So there’s a ‘cross-pollination’ of ideas… British Olympic sports, when I was part of that, did that ever so well. So to do that in a professional group of sports is exciting. I’ve been involved in that quite a lot.”
When asked about the prospect of getting involved at Old Trafford, Brailsford said, “We’d very much like to do it. To be custodians of one of the biggest sporting teams and brands in the world, and try to support the team and fanbase.
“I know Manchester really well, and you get a sense of what the culture’s all about and what the fans want.”
Controversy, but Ratcliffe’s ‘full backing’
But for many, the ‘marginal gains’ theory Brailsford became synonymous with is now tainted.
As recently as August, doctor Richard Freeman – the former chief medic at both British Cycling and Team Sky – was banned from all sport for four years for violating anti-doping rules, in one of the most significant cheating scandals in British sporting history.
Brailsford, British Cycling, Team Sky and Team Ineos have always denied any wrongdoing, with Freeman described as having fallen short of the ethical standards required of him, but having acted alone. But this was merely the latest twist in a period of intense questions, suspicion and intrigue.
In 2018, Brailsford appeared before a parliamentary committee to answer questions on the contents of a mystery “jiffy bag” Freeman had instructed be delivered to Wiggins before a 2011 race, amid an allegation it contained the banned anti-inflammatory drug triamcinolone.
This followed the revelation Wiggins received therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs) for triamcinolone to treat asthma and allergies shortly before three major races.
Freeman and Brailsford maintained the bag contained legal flu medication, and ultimately a parliamentary committee said it was unable to determine what was inside the jiffy bag.
Brailsford admitted “badly” handling the crisis after providing initial explanations for the delivery to the Daily Mail that later turned out to be wrong. And his evidence to the select committee was described as “extraordinary” by the chair of UK Anti-Doping.
But in a final report in 2018, the MPs accused Team Sky of “crossing an ethical line” in its use of TUEs more broadly.
“Contrary to the testimony of David Brailsford in front of the committee, we believe that drugs were being used by Team Sky, within World Anti-Doping Agency rules, to enhance the performance of riders, and not just to treat medical need,” its report concluded.
Team Sky issued a firm denial in response, along with Wiggins and Freeman, and reiterated their commitment to clean cycling.
But British Cycling, for so long the country’s best-funded and respected sports governing body, was accused of a “serious failure” to keep basic medical records, a failure the report deemed “unprofessional and inexcusable”. How did that tally with the sport’s fabled attention to detail?
In 2021, Freeman was found guilty by a medical tribunal of ordering banned testosterone in 2011 “knowing or believing” it was to help dope an unnamed rider.
In her summing up, Freeman’s lawyer had described Brailsford as “the spectre missing at these proceedings”. The former Team Sky technical director Shane Sutton told the BBC it was “absolutely ludicrous” that “people are calling for Dave’s head”, and insisted neither he nor Brailsford had known anything about the testosterone.
But that did not stop the former shadow sports minister Clive Efford MP calling for Brailsford to be suspended, pending an investigation.
Such criticism has not deterred Ratcliffe, who said Brailsford retained his “full support.”
“Your antenna starts pinging if you’re uncomfortable about something” Ratcliffe told the Telegraph in 2021. “My antenna doesn’t start pinging when I’m chatting to Dave. Quite the opposite.”
Can he restore United after a decade of decline?
Since then, Brailsford has become a familiar presence alongside British billionaire Ratcliffe. In March, the pair were part of the Ineos delegation that toured Old Trafford during United’s year-long takeover saga.
For some fans, the prospect of Brailsford’s prospective role at United has echoes of former England rugby coach Sir Clive Woodward’s infamous spell as technical director at Southampton in 2005-06.
More recently, Todd Boehly’s struggles as co-owner of Chelsea, despite his stellar reputation in US baseball, serve as another reminder of the unique challenge English football can pose to outsiders.
But others will be excited to see what difference Brailsford can make to recruitment and scouting, strategy, culture and sports science at a club regarded as under-performing, especially as there are signs of the difference he can make in the sport.
Brailsford conducted an audit at Nice in 2021, which was followed shortly after by the departure of the club’s director of football Julien Fournier and CEO Bob Ratcliffe, Sir Jim’s brother.
This led to Brailsford having a greater hand in recruitment than originally anticipated, with former Premier League players Aaron Ramsey, Ross Barkley and Nicolas Pepe among those he helped bring to the club in 2022 having hired controversial former Cardiff City and Crystal Palace director Iain Moody as a transfer consultant.
The following season, the club dropped to ninth place in the league, down from fifth the year before. However, there are signs this season that Nice are on track to achieve Champions League football – one of the main aims expressed by Ineos.
After a period of upheaval, they are currently second in the league under young coach Francesco Farioli – who Brailsford helped to recruit – one point behind Paris St-Germain and unbeaten after 12 games played.
Despite the controversy attached to his time in cycling, Brailsford continues to command significant respect as a guru of performance and innovation, and remains in demand.
Last year it emerged he was under consideration for a role in the ECB’s high-performance team.
“One of the greatest winners of our generation” was how he was introduced during an appearance on the ‘Diary of a CEO’ podcast in January 2022.
During the interview, Brailsford spoke about how he got “super-excited about wanting to do big, bold ambitious things. And then afterwards I think ‘ah, wow, what have I done? Now I’ve got to make it happen…let’s get after it’. That drives me.”
It does not get much more ambitious than trying to restore the fortunes of Manchester United after a decade of decline.
A statement from global players’ union Fifpro called the judgement “a major ruling” which it said “will change the landscape of football”, but added it would communicate further after “analysing the ruling in depth”.
Diarra’s lawyers called it a “total victory” and claimed any players impacted by a similar situation could claim compensation. They said the ruling would “speed up the modernisation of governance” at Fifa.
Fifa said it would “analyse the decision in co-ordination with other stakeholders before commenting further”.
Emilio Garcia, Fifa’s chief legal and compliance officer, later said: “It is important to clarify that today’s decision does not change the core principles of the transfer system at all.
“Fifa has been continuously improving that system for many years – not for its own benefit, but for the benefit of players, clubs, leagues and member associations, to ensure that players can train, be developed and have stability, while safeguarding the integrity of competitions by implementing a robust regulatory framework for the international transfer system.”
In essence, the court has determined that players should have more power to move and work where they wish, and that Fifa rules should be less restrictive.
The court’s view is that a player whose contract has been terminated, as in Diarra’s case, should be able to go and play in a different country without either the player or the new club being automatically required to pay significant compensation to the former club.
This gives greater power to players and their agents in the transfer market.
“The result could mean far-reaching consequences for the transfer system, similar to how the Bosman Ruling affected transfers in 1995,” sports barrister Yasin Patel told BBC Sport.
“Players may now be able to move more freely to other clubs by breaking with a contract as opposed to being tied to the club and contract. In addition, buying clubs may not have to pay compensation or claims.”
Sports finance expert Kieran Maguire warned that could lead to “unscrupulous people” effectively “gaming the system” by downing tools to seek a move.
“This could be something which could be exploited in the future,” he told Radio 5 Live.
“What’s prevented players from doing it in the past is if they move on elsewhere, the club that they join would have to pay a compensation fee as a form of transfer fee. This ruling says that I can now move to another club and no compensation is due.
“It has to be said the vast majority of footballers don’t want this to be the case – we all know people that push things at work in terms of dismissals and so on – but as far as the players are concerned this is a broader issue that he wasn’t able to be a professional footballer when he should have been earning money.
Maheta Molango, chief executive officer of the Professional Footballers’ Association, said it was an “important ruling which could have potentially far-reaching ramifications for the rights of players within the current transfer system”.
He added: “More widely, it demonstrates again that football cannot behave like it does not have to work within the same employment laws that apply to any other industry.”
The exact ramifications of the judgement will be made clear once Fifa puts forward its new regulations.
Paul Pogba’s four-year ban for a doping offence has been reduced to 18 months after winning his appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas).
Sources close to the 31-year-old Juventus midfielder told BBC Sport he can resume training in January 2025 and will be eligible to play again from March.
France international Pogba was suspended by Italy’s national anti-doping tribunal (Nado) in February after a drugs test found elevated levels of testosterone – a hormone that increases endurance – in his system.
Cas director general Matthieu Reeb confirmed to Reuters the ban had been reduced to 18 months from 11 September, 2023.
Former Manchester United midfielder Pogba took his case to Cas and gave evidence in person at a hearing earlier this summer.
He previously said he would “never knowingly or deliberately” dope and believed the verdict was “incorrect”.
Had the original ban stood, 2018 World Cup winner Pogba would have been unable to play until 2027, when he will be 34.
Arsenal boss Jonas Eidevall has criticised the “amateurish behaviour” in handling fixture scheduling after a Women’s Super League match was postponed at a week’s notice.
Chelsea’s WSL game against Manchester United has been called off because of a conflict with the Blues’ European schedule.
The new company which now runs the Women’s Super League, The Women’s Professional Leagues Limited (WPLL), said the cancellation was in order to prioritise player welfare.
The Women’s Champions League draw was made last Friday and Chelsea’s opening group game at home to Real Madrid was scheduled for just two days after the United game – on Tuesday, 8 October.
Before the Champions League draw was made, WPLL had asked Uefa not to schedule any of the three English teams to play on 8 October, but were unsuccessful.
Eidevall said the situation could have been avoided if Women’s Super League games involving teams in the Champions League were scheduled for Friday or Saturday to avoid a potential 48-hour turnaround,but all three English clubs involved are believed to have requested to play on the Sunday.
“Out of the 16 teams, 13 were scheduled to play on the Friday or Saturday and the three English teams were all scheduled to play on the Sunday,” he said.
“We have a league organisation that doesn’t act proactively on these matters. It is damaging for the fans. It is simply not good enough from the league.
“Do the league want English teams to be successful at European level? I would hope the answer to that would be yes, but the actions show differently. It shows that this is not one of their priorities.”
Amandine Miquel is used to developing young talent and she is eager to do the same with Leicester City.
The Frenchwoman was appointed the club’s manager in July after seven seasons with Reims in her native France.
A 1-1 draw with Bristol City in the Women’s League Cup on Wednesday gave her an opportunity to test the club’s brightest young talent and it is clear she is pleased with what she saw.
Among them was 19-year-old winger Shana Chossenotte, who got on the scoresheet, as well as highly rated England youth international Ruby Mace, 21.
“Four or five from the academy could definitely start for the first team,” said Miquel, when asked on Friday about the squad depth she has available at Leicester.
On the same day, four of the club’s youngsters were called up to England’s Under-17 Women’s World Cup squad, with the tournament taking place this month.
Miquel will be without goalkeeper Rebekah Dowsett, defenders Nelly Las and Simone Sherwood, as well as forward Denny Draper.
But while Miquel is sad to lose them for a month, she is excited to see the talent pool being created within the club’s academy.
“It’s very good. I’m happy to share with England and wish that they go as far as they can in that competition,” added Miquel.
“For me, [developing young players is] the most important thing. I was a bit surprised when I saw the age of my team here, but I saw that I still have the youngest squad out of the 12 [WSL] clubs.
“I think that bigger teams, or ones higher up the table, tend to forget that they need to play. If you want to have a very good player at 18 or 19, she has to start playing at this level at 16. She should be around the team much more.
“We have four or five that can be in this group. When there are opportunities like this [in the League Cup], we will use them.”
“You can’t just turn the tap off and say, ‘right, you become super defensive’. It’s not how we play. What do we do? Sit back, have 15% of the ball and probably lose 3-0, 4-0?”
Rodgers would prefer to “play as you play” and learn from mistakes rather than “play five at the back”.
“I’d much rather do that and go down with my own vision,” he said. “I respect the opinion, but I don’t listen to it. Never have.”
Rodgers does not consider himself “a dreamer” regarding Celtic’s chances of being competitive in the Champions League, with games still to come against Atalanta, Leipzig, Bruges, Dinamo Zagreb, Young Boys and Aston Villa.
“We will be judged in January when the eight games are finished and we’ll see where the points total takes us,” he added.
“I believe in the group of players, how they’ve been working. It was a sore one the other night. I know we will bounce back to a stronger position, because we will learn from it.
“I’m not daft. I hear all the words. ‘Pragmatism’ and all this stuff, whatever else gets thrown at teams that want to play. We don’t play that way to lose, we play it to win, and we also know there are certain games and opponents you have to adjust.”
“I really don’t think that because we are not ready. The reason is that City has worked with the same manager for nine years and Arsenal for five years. If you want to compete for big things you need that time.
“After Arsenal beat PSG they asked Luis Enrique and he said the same thing that Arsenal have had the same manager for five years and them only a year and a half.
“Imagine us, only three months… so it’s a huge difference. So I am really convinced we cannot compete with those clubs.”
Chelsea are home to Nottingham Forest in the Premier League on Sunday (14:00 BST).
They have spent £1.5bn across the last five transfer windows, albeit with significant player sales, and currently only have Carney Chukwuemeka (ill) and Reece James (hamstring) on the sidelines.
Maresca wants time and patience in his first year of management at Stamford Bridge, with the Blues entering the third year of their ownership under Todd Boehly and Clearlake Capital.
He added: “The target is to improve and slowly, slowly to get closer to those clubs but at the moment we are not ready for that,” he added.
Wales boss Rhian Wilkinson says she feels James leads by example.
“Angharad has been a consistent performer for this team for so many years, which is summed up by the number of appearances she’s made,” she said.
“Her passion and commitment to her country is evident and while she’s not necessarily the most vocal leader, she’s always demanding and offering advice to her team-mates when she steps out on the field.
“I love the way she embraces the younger players in the squad with her leadership too, which is important for the future of the team and the direction we’re heading.
“Angharad understands the responsibility that comes with being a captain, both on and off the pitch, and I know this is a proud moment for her and her family.
“I have no doubt she will lead the team as impressively as Sophie Ingle and the former captains of our nation.”
James lands the role as Wales prepare to face Slovakia in the first round of play-offs for the Euro 2025 finals in Switzerland, with the first leg on Friday, 25 October, before the return game at the Cardiff City Stadium on Tuesday, 29 October.
Preston North End striker Milutin Osmajic has been banned for eight games by the Football Association for biting Blackburn’s Owen Beck.
The 25-year-old Montenegro international, who admitted the charge of violent conduct, has also been fined £15,000.
The incident followed Beck’s sending off in the closing stages of September’s goalless Lancashire derby for kicking out at Preston’s Duane Holmes.
Osmajic will now be unavailable for selection until Preston’s home Championship game against Derby on Saturday, 23 November.
The FA said they will publish written reasons for the suspension “in due course”, with Preston adding that they will make no further statement until then.